MCCULLOUGH
STUDENT CENTER
Middlebury College
SHELTER FOR
ARCHAEOLOGICAL RUIN
American Excavations
at Morgantina
KENAN MUSIC
BUILDING
University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill
MUSIC BUILDING
PHASE II
University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill
UNIVERSITY CENTER
Carnegie Mellon University
EAST CAMPUS DORMITORY & DINING
Carnegie Mellon University
PARKING GARAGE
& STADIUM
Carnegie Mellon University
EMT BUILDING
FEASIBILITY STUDY
Carnegie Mellon University
CAMPUS MASTER PLAN
The University of Texas
Pan American
CAMPUS MASTER PLAN
The University of Texas
at El Paso
CAMPUS MASTER PLAN
Malaysia University of
Science & Technology
UNIVERSITY
CAMPUS PLAN
King Khalid University
UNIVERSITY PARK
CAMPUS MASTER PLAN
University of
Southern California
CAMPUS PLAN
PROPOSAL
Texas A&M University
Central Texas
WEST CAMPUS
RESIDENTIAL PLAN
Cornell University
HEALTH SCIENCE
CAMPUS MASTER PLAN
University of
Southern California
COMPREHENSIVE
FACILITIES PLAN
Belmont Technical
College
BROAD ST./ACADEMIC
CAMPUS PLAN
Virginia Commonwealth
University
As a model of the city, the American campus may well be more suggestive
than the real thing; certainly it is one of America's truly original contributions
to urbanism."
Michael Dennis, Excursus Americanus
A…campus may achieve almost complete independence of buildings, but in so
doing it becomes more like a summer camp or a resort than an academic community.
To be a community requires density & proximity; it requires urbanity."
Michael Dennis, On Campus Design & Planning
…there can be cities without landscape, but landscape without density of
urban buildings and people cannot be a city."
Michael Dennis & Alistair McIntosh, Landscape and the City
Our whole culture is based on the idea of limitless resources and continuous growth,
and we have become so accustomed to the idea that we have forgotten that we live
on a finite planet."
Michael Dennis, Temples & Towns: Urban Principles for the 21st Century
The city requires both public and private accommodation, and it is architecture
that must mediate between the two related but not integrated realms."
Michael Dennis, Architecture & the Cumulative City
…it is not surprising to find most modern museums to be isolated, introverted, and
denuded versions of the ‘museum as a mechanism for storing and displaying art,'
with little regard for the public realm."
Michael Dennis, The Uffizi: Museum as Urban Design
Growing slowly, quietly maturing, modern architecture in America was like a
time bomb planted during the Enlightenment, armed during the 1920s, and set
to explode after World War II."
Michael Dennis, Excursus Americanus
…architects in our time have become very adept at servicing and delivering
complex programs, but they have also become less adept at designing—indeed,
even understanding—the public realm."
Michael Dennis, On Campus Design & Planning
Despite a continuously developing urban sensibility, however, architecture and
landscape have tended to pursue ever more autonomous, narcissistic, and anti-urban
directions, and this is inadequate to address twenty-first century issues."
Michael Dennis & Alistair McIntosh, Landscape and the City
What might be proposed instead is a hybrid architecture for a hybrid city, an
architecture of traditional rooms as well as “modern" space, of facades as well as
frames—an architecture that makes urban space as well as consumes it."
Michael Dennis, Architecture & the Cumulative City
But more than a century of destructive urban behavior has produced contemporary
architectural and urban conventions that are impotent to address twenty-first century
issues, much less for producing quality urban environments."
Michael Dennis, Temples & Towns: Urban Principles for the 21st Century
Dennis home in Sherman, Texas
original Grayson County Courthouse & town square, Sherman, Texas
original Travis Street, downtown Sherman
Michael's maternal grandparents' pharmacy in Corpus Christi
Mission Concepcion, near San Antonio
ORIGINS
Michael grew up in the small town of Sherman, north of Dallas. Founded in 1848, three years after the Republic of Texas joined the United Sates, Sherman was the county seat and a market center for the area.
The plan was a grid, similar to most Hispanic towns,
with a square in the middle. Sherman's main streets were named after heroes of the Texas Revolution: Travis, Houston, Crockett, and Lamar—significant streets for a town on the frontier.
The family house was built in 1939 on the edge of the city, providing for endless exploration of fields, creeks, and woods. The cotton fields beyond gradually extended the suburban area.
Michael's maternal grandfather was always a merchant,
but the family moved often, beginning in the rural North Texas of Sadler before finally settling in Corpus Christi
where his Granddad owned a pharmacy and later
a waterfront bar.
One family branch lived in San Antonio, and the powerful
imagery of the frequently visited Spanish missions provided
a link to the state's Hispanic roots.
University of Texas, South Mall, Austin
hard at work at the University of Texas
UT Architecture faculty, 1955Ñ56
hard at work at the University of Oregon
1955–1962
Beginning an architecture career in 1955 at the
University of Texas was serendipitous for Michael.
The young faculty, later to be known as the Texas Rangers—including Colin Rowe (faculty photo, lower left) and Bernard Hoesli (faculty photo, upper right)—was exceptional, and the campus one of the finest in America. The landscape is magnificent, and the buildings by Cass Gilbert and Paul Cret, who also designed the original campus plan, exemplify campus architecture at its best.
After a faculty purge at Texas, the University of Oregon offered Michael the freedom to explore architecture independently. Lee Hodgden and Alvin Boyarsky were inspirational.
sketch view of the Arno River in Florence
San Giorgio Maggiore, Venice
sketch plan of the Piazza del Duomo in Pistoia
sketch view of the Piazza del Duomo in Pistoia
Don Duncan, Rik Mather & Michael Dennis at the Palladio Institute
1962–1968
After Oregon, Michael moved to Florence, Italy, where he spent several months living and studying on a travel grant. An architecture degree cannot possibly prepare for the humbling experience of arriving in Florence—the beginning of a new education. Discovering urban space changes ideas about architecture and its relationship to the city.
Michael lived for two years in the seaside Tuscan town of Punta Ala, working for local architect Walter Di Salvo, and in 1965 he began working for The Architects Collaborative (TAC), first in Rome and later in Athens.
In fall 1965 Michael attended the Palladio Institute in Vicenza, Italy. Palladio was a revelation: the dry academicism conveyed by drawings and photos pales against the visceral reality of Palladio's work.
Though he moved back to the States in 1968, Michael would return often to Europe and particularly to Italy for teaching, research, and inspiration.
Alan Chimacoff & Michael Dennis at Cornell in 1971
Fred Koetter & Michael at Wells/Koetter/Dennis office in Ithaca, 1971
Broadway East Housing, Kingston, NY, 1974 (Wells/Koetter/Dennis)
Housing for the Elderly, Owego, NY, 1971 (Wells/Koetter/Dennis)
1968–1981
By the time Michael returned to the U.S. in 1968, the
Urban Design Studio founded by Colin Rowe at Cornell University was a locus for the exploration of ideas regarding architecture and the city and was already home to many names from Michael's past, including Rowe, Lee Hodgden, and Michael's high school friend Jerry Wells as well as his old Oregon roommate Fred Koetter.
Michael began working for Werner Seligmann and joined the architecture faculty at Cornell, where he would teach
for the next thirteen years. No doubt due to its relative isolation from the outer world, the quality of academic discourse and intellectual community in Ithaca was remarkable, despite the turbulent and pervasive social upheaval of the '60s and early '70s.
Fellow Cornell faculty Fred Koetter and Jerry Wells
had won the Brighton Beach Housing competition in 1968
and were working on a manufactured housing system
when Michael joined them in 1971. Many young architects launched their careers through Governor Rockefeller's New York State Urban Development Corporation, and Wells, Koetter, Dennis completed a number of housing projects between 1971 and 1977.
Michael's teaching extended to the University of Kentucky, where he was a visiting professor in 1975, and to Princeton, where he was a visiting professor from 1979–80.
Paris Opera Competition, 1983, Michael Dennis & Jeffrey Clark
UCSB Art Museum Competition, 1983, Michael Dennis & Jeffrey Clark
Preston Thomas Memorial Lectures at Cornell, 1986
model for the University Center Competition, 1987
the East Campus Project at Carnegie Mellon
1981–1989
Michael accepted a teaching position at Harvard's Graduate School of Design in 1981. Together with his former student Jeffrey Clark, he founded a practice in Boston and began a series of small projects and competition entries. Their scheme for an art museum at the University of California at Santa Barbara—conceived as a villa with a forecourt, a large garden, and a variety of exhibition spaces—won first prize and was developed through schematic design.
During this time Michael also continued to develop his study of the French hôtel as an urban spatial type—an investigation begun with his students at Cornell—and in 1986 his book on the subject, Court and Garden: From the French Hôtel to the City of Modern Architecture, was published by MIT Press. The same year Michael was invited to deliver the Preston Thomas Memorial Lectures at Cornell, a series of five lectures based on the book.
In 1987 Dennis and Clark won first prize for their design for a new University Center and the transformation of the Carnegie Mellon University campus—a project that was developed and built in a series of phases between 1987 and 2000 by Michael Dennis & Associates.
Michael continued to lecture and teach throughout the '80s, serving as a visiting Professor at Rice University, as the Thomas Jefferson Professor of Architecture at the University of Virginia, and as the Eero Saarinen Professor at Yale.
Michael studies a model for the Music Building at Arizona State
Erik Thorkildsen works on design schemes for the Purnell Center at CMU
Urban design review at MIT
Michael & Erik review a project
1989–PRESENT
Michael Dennis & Associates would continue its work at Carnegie Mellon throughout the 1990s. The success of the plan for that campus led to a series of planning initiatives for the office—leading the late Perry Chapman to describe Michael as "arguably the most important campus designer working in America."
Meanwhile the firm expanded its expertise in higher education buildings, designing a series of arts facilities, student centers, residence halls, and alumni centers—always with a focus on integrating new construction into the existing campus, using built form to shape public space. By design, the office has remained small enough for its principals to retain oversight over each project. Erik Thorkildsen has been a collaborator since 1984, and is central to the design of every project.
In 1992 Michael was appointed as Professor of Architecture at MIT, where he continues to teach urban design and theory. In 2011, he was awarded the CNU Athena Medal. Just as his study of the French hôtel while at Cornell led directly to design strategies for Carnegie Mellon and UC Santa Barbara, Michael's teaching and research at MIT continues to inform the office's approach to urban form, and ideas about the American campus. He is currently completing a second book, Temples and Towns: A Study of the Form, Elements, and Principles of Planned Towns, intended not only as a history and theory of urban form but as a polemic for how to build sustainable cities in an age of ominous environmental change.